Recognizing the nonlinear behavior of the 12AX7 vacuum tube, used in audio and old op-amp applications, Dr. Dyer compares various models for fit to real-world device data. Given appropriate models for ...
Given appropriate models for vacuum tubes, circuit simulators such as SPICE make analysis based on such nonlinear models a tractable effort. The Langmuir, Leach, and Koren models are discussed for the ...